SaphenionScience: Muscle veins – foot varicose veins: In general, varicose vein formation of perforatorveins also causes the anatomical-functional conversion of muscle veins into varicose-vein enlarged and high-venous resting and stress-loaded muscle veins. This has already been shown by us in the impact on the capillary and arterial systemWhat is important, however, is the fact that these perforator veins on the instep and ankle are already created in the normal anatomy and physiology without venous valves!